Controlling molecular levels involves several techniques, including:
Chemical synthesis: By choosing different chemical precursors and reaction conditions, researchers can influence the size, shape, and composition of nanoparticles, thereby affecting their molecular levels. Surface modification: Adding or altering functional groups on the surface of nanoparticles can change their electronic structure and interaction with other molecules. External fields: Applying electric or magnetic fields can shift molecular energy levels and modify the properties of nanomaterials.
