magnetic domains

How are Magnetic Domains Observed?

The observation of magnetic domains at the nanoscale requires advanced imaging techniques. Some of the commonly used methods include:
Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM): This technique uses a magnetic tip to scan the surface of the material and detect the magnetic forces between the tip and the sample.
Lorentz Transmission Electron Microscopy (LTEM): This method uses electron beams to visualize the magnetic domain structure within thin specimens.
X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD): This technique involves the use of circularly polarized X-rays to probe the magnetic properties of materials.

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