What is Nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology is the science, engineering, and application of materials at the
nanoscale—typically less than 100 nanometers. By manipulating matter at this scale, unique properties and functionalities can be achieved that are not possible at larger scales.
How Does Nanotechnology Intersect with Material Science?
Material science involves the study of the properties and applications of materials of all kinds. At the nanoscale, materials can exhibit dramatically different properties compared to their bulk counterparts. This intersection allows for the creation of
novel materials with enhanced or entirely new characteristics, such as increased strength, lighter weight, enhanced chemical reactivity, and improved electrical properties.
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs): Known for their exceptional strength and electrical conductivity.
Quantum Dots: Semiconductor nanoparticles with unique optical properties.
Nanowires: Useful in electrical and optical applications due to their high aspect ratios.
Graphene: A single layer of carbon atoms with remarkable electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties.
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Used for their catalytic, magnetic, and electronic properties.
Top-down approaches like lithography, where larger materials are broken down into nanoscale structures.
Bottom-up approaches such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and self-assembly, where materials are built up from atomic or molecular components.
Medicine: Drug delivery systems, imaging agents, and regenerative medicine.
Electronics: Transistors, sensors, and flexible electronics.
Energy: Solar cells, batteries, and supercapacitors.
Environmental: Water purification, air filtration, and environmental remediation.
Cosmetics: Sunscreens and anti-aging products.
Toxicity: The impact of nanomaterials on human health and the environment is not fully understood.
Scalability: Producing nanomaterials on a large scale while maintaining quality and functionality.
Cost: High production costs can limit widespread adoption.
Regulation: The need for comprehensive regulatory frameworks to ensure safe use.
