1. Nanosensors: These are the primary devices that sense and collect data at the nanoscale. 2. Nanonetworks: These networks connect multiple nanosensors, enabling them to communicate and share data. 3. Nanocomputers: Small-scale computing devices process the collected data. 4. Gateways: These serve as intermediaries, linking nanonetworks to larger communication networks. 5. Software and Algorithms: Advanced algorithms analyze the gathered data, providing actionable insights.