joule's first law

What are the Challenges in Heat Management at the Nanoscale?


Managing heat at the nanoscale presents unique challenges due to the following factors:
High surface area to volume ratio: Nanoscale materials have a larger surface area relative to their volume, which affects heat dissipation.
Thermal conductivity: The thermal conductivity of nanomaterials can differ significantly from their bulk counterparts, influencing heat transfer.
Material properties: The properties of materials at the nanoscale can change, affecting their thermal behavior.

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